organizational behavior

Essay text:

theory prior to 1900: Emphasized the division of labor and the importance of machinery to facilitate labor Scientific management (1910s-)--Described management as a science with employers having specific but different responsibilities; encouraged the scientific selection, training, and development of workers and the equal division of work between workers and management Classical school (1910s- ) Listed the duties of a manager as planning, organizing, commanding employees, coordinating activities, and controlling performance; basic principles called for specialization of work, unity of command, scalar chain of command, and coordination of activities Human relations (1920s-)Focused on the importance of the attitudes and feelings of workers; informal roles and norms influenced performance Group dynamics (1940s) Encouraged individual participation in decision-making; noted the impact of work group on performance Bureaucracy--(1940s) Emphasized order, system, rationality, uniformity, and consistency in management; lead to equitable treatment for all employees by management Leadership (1950s) stressed the importance of groups having both social task leaders; differentiated between Theory X and Y management Decision theory (1960s)suggested that individuals "satisfied" when they make decisions Sociotechnical School (1960s) Called for considering technology and work groups when understanding a work system Envir...