Battle

Essay text:

123 ? Because farming was a major food source; no uniquely male occupation left- woman could care for domesticated animals- 124 ? Men who failed as warriors have been reviled as "woman"-p.126- woman looked upon as inferior gender ? War-making is not another occupation that men have monopolized, it is an activity that has defined manhood itself ? Male leadership, just like adult male status in general, must be proved with blood ? Woman are not incapable of fighting ? No compelling biological or natural reason who men have starred in the drama of war ? Men make war to establish fact that they are "real men" ? Insults inflicted in one war call forth new wars of retaliation- effects of one war lead to the next war ? No longer brush off a war party ? Each human society be as war-ready as the other societies it is likely to encounter; that spears be matched with spears ? "but ultimately ?we' fight ?them' because they are different, and their difference is threatening in its challenge to the validity of the ideas we live by"-135 ? We make enemy look less human so it is easier to kill ? Given time, fighting will cause two sides to become more like each other- war represents perhaps the most imitative activity known to man ? Practice of naming a child after a particularly valiant enemy was once widespread ? Even with wide race and differences, enemies can admire each other for their conduct as warriors-141 ? Warrior depends on his weapons that enables him to exploit the labor of others ? Warriors become predators with in human species ? Warriors and leaders come from aristocracy ? Birthright of men to become warriors ? Woman are tools of warfare ? Some people can never stop fighting- menace to society ? Page 158- battle as a kind of sacrifice ? Battle is rebirth; boy?man ? To the true member of the warrior elite, every war can be a holy one ? War brings back captives for religious sacrifice ? War is often pointless destruction ? Factors Favoring the New Religions ? Trade differs from war in that it channels greed into the nonviolent acquisition of wealth; merchant class helped end religious sacrifices ? Factor- growth of lower class composed of the representative of military defeated peoples ? Glory no longer belongs to those who triumph by force but to those who are triumphed over ? Religion is no longer about being militarily strong ? Peasants and common people beginning to get involved in war ? Those who fell in battle could be seen as martyrs analogous to Jesus-170 ? Crusades against European heretics represent the ultimate fusion of church and military-171----"kill them all; God will know which are His" ? Religion of was, held little room for the common man, much les the common woman ? Nationalism replaces religion ? Missile-bases warfare favored mass, sub-elite armies in another war too; it made killing as impersonal business as apposed to bows and guns-177 ? It was the gun that most decisively leveled the killing fields ? Beginning of Big armies led by farmer warrior elites ? Budgets dominated by military-182---nation state, country with one central capital to manage army because so many people in army?more people devoted to supporting nation as a whole ? "The movement of the big muscles in unison roused echoes of the most primitive level of sociality known to humankind"-marching together brings unity ? Americans only used to be fighting animals or Indians as they acted like animals ? After French Rev...